Integrating Mental and Physical Strength and Conditioning for the Tactical Athlete: What the Research Says

References

1. Alvar, B. Editor’s note: Tactical strength and conditioning. Strength and Conditioning Journal 37(4): 1, 2015.
2. Anshel, MH, Brinthaupt, TM, and Kang, M. The disconnected values model improves mental well-being and fitness in an employee wellness program. Behavioral Medicine 36(4): 113-122, 2010.
3. Araki, K, Mintah, J, Mack, MG, Huddleston, S, Larson, L, and Jacobs, K. Belief in self-talk and dynamic balance performance. Athletic Insight 8(4): 1-12, 2006.
4. Arnetz, B, Nevedal, D, Lumley, M, Backman, L, and Lublin, A. Trauma resilience training for police: Psychophysiological and performance effects. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 24: 1-9, 2009.
5. Artwohl, A, and Christensen, L. Deadly Force Encounters: What Cops Need to Know to Mentally and Physically Prepare For and Survive a Gunfight. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press; 1997.
6. Asken, M, and Grossman, D. Warrior Mindset: Mental Toughness Skills for a Nation’s Peacekeepers. Milstadt, IL: Human Factors Research Group; 2010.
7. Asken, M. Mental toughness: Transitioning from the sports arena to tactical operations. National Strength and Conditioning Association TSAC Annual Training: San Diego, CA; 2015.
8. Asken, M. Mindsighting: Applying mental toughness skills from athletic competition for optimal police performance. National Strength and Conditioning Association National Conference: Orlando, FL; 2015.
9. Asken, M. Mindsighting: Mental Toughness Skills for Police Officers in High Stress Situations. MindSighting; 2005.
10. Asken, M. Sheathing the sword and spear: Bringing home the warrior mindset. Keynote address. National Strength and Conditioning Association TSAC Annual Training: San Diego, CA; 2015.
11. Asken, M. Training the complete warrior. PoliceOne.com. March 2007. Retrieved 2015 from http://www.policeone.com/health-fitness/articles/1183020-Training-the-complete-warrior.
12. Bartone, P. Resilience under military operational stress: Can leaders influence hardiness? Military Psychology 18(Suppl): S131-S148, 2006.
13. Blanchfield, A, Hardy, J, Morree, H, Staino, W, and Marcora, S. Talking yourself out of exhaustion: The effect of self-talk on endurance performance. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise 46(5): 998-1007, 2013.
14. Broomé, RE, Lyman, Z, and Told, J. Mind-body integrative training: Firefighter personal protective equipment (PPE). International Fire Service Journal of Leadership and Management 8: 59-65, 2014.
15. Carey, MG, Al-Zaiti, SS, Dean, GE, Sessanna, L, and Finnell, DS. Sleep problems, depression, substance use, social bonding, and quality of life in professional firefighters. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 53(8): 928-933, 2011.
16. Casey, G, Jr. A vision for psychological resilience in the US Army. American Psychologist 66(1): 1-3, 2011.
17. Christiansen, T, Asken, M, and Asken, T. 100% of physical performance is 90% mental: Training mental toughness in police officers to maximize response. National Strength and Conditioning Association TSAC Annual Training: San Diego, CA; 2014.
18. Cole, B, and Seaman, R. Mental toughness the Navy way. William B. Cole Consultants: Peak Performance Solutions. 2009. Retrieved 2015 from http://www.mentalgamecoach.com/articles/MentalToughnessTheNavyWay.html.
19. Colin, L, Nieuwenhuys, A, Visser, A, and Oudjeans, R. Positive effects of imagery on police officers’ shooting performance under threat. Applied Cognitive Psychology 28(1): 115-121, 2014.
20. Deuster, P, and O’Connor, F. Human performance optimization: Culture change and paradigm shift. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29(Suppl 11): S52-S56, 2015.
21. Devine, M, and Blank, M. Use of applied strength and conditioning methods to facilitate mission relevant mental performance optimization. National Strength and Conditioning Association TSAC Annual Training: San Diego, CA; 2015.
22. Eskreis-Winkler, L, Shulman, E, Beal, A, and Duckworth, A. The grit effect: Predicting retention in the military, the workplace, school and marriage. Frontiers in Psychology 3(5): 36, 2014.
23. Hammermeister, J, Pickering, M, McGraw, L, and Ohlson, C. Relationship between psychological skills profiles and soldier physical fitness performance. Military Psychology 22(4): 399-411, 2010.399
24. Kelly, D, Matthews, M, and Bartone, P. Grit and hardiness as predictors of performance among West Point cadets. Military Psychology 26(4): 327-342, 2014.
25. Klinger, D. Into the Kill Zone: A Cop’s Eye View of Deadly Force. San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass; 2004.
26. Kubistant, T. Mind Pump: The Psychology of Bodybuilding. Champaign, IL: Leisure Press, 1988.
27. Lambert, JE, Benight, CC, Harrison, E, and Cieslak, R. The Firefighter Coping Self-Efficacy Scale: Measure development and validation. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping 25(1): 79-91, 2012.
28. Lieberman, H, Bathalon, G, Falco, CM, Morgan, CA, Niro, PJ, and Tharion, WJ. The fog of war: Decrements in cognitive performance and mood associated with combat-like stress. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 76(Suppl 7): C7-14,
2005.
29. Maddi, S, Matthews, M, Kelly, DR, Villarreal, BJ, and White, M. The role of hardiness and grit in predicting performance and retention USMA cadets. Military Psychology 24(1): 19-28, 2012.
30. McCrory, P, Cobley, S, and Marchant, P. The effect of psychological skills training (PST) on self-regulation in behavior, self-efficacy, and psychological skill in military pilot trainees. Military Psychology 25(2): 136-147, 2013.
31. Meredith, LS, Sherbourne, CD, Gaillot, SJ, Hansell, L, Ritschard, HV, Parker, AM, and Wrenn, G. Promoting Psychological Resilience in the U.S. Military. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2011.
32. Miles, R. Empowering emergency responders. In Bennett, S (Ed.), Innovative Thinking in Risk, Crisis, and Disaster Management Surrey, England: Gower Publishing Limited; 25-40, 2012
33. Miller, L. Mettle: Mental Toughness Training for Law Enforcement. New York, NY: Looseleaf Law Publications; 2007.
34. Murray, K. Training at the Speed of Life: The Definitive Textbook for Military and Law Enforcement Reality Based Training. Gotha, FL: Armiger; 14, 2004.
35. Nurnberg, E, and Asken, M. FirePsyche: Mental Toughness and the Valor Mindset for the Fireground. MindSighting; 2014.
36. Page, J, Asken, M, Zwemer, CF, and Guido, M. Brief psychological skills training improves memory and performance in high stress police cadet training. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology DOI: 10.1007/s11896-015-9171-8, 2015.
37. Remsberg, C. Just in: Final findings from Force Science exhaustion study. Force Science News. Transmission #176, 2011. Retrieved 2015 from http://www.forcescience.org/fsnews/176.html.
38. Richter, J, Gilbert, J, and Baldis, M. Maximizing strength training performance using mental imagery. Strength and Conditioning Journal 34(5): 65-69, 2012.
39. Scofield, D, and Kardouni, J. The tactical athlete: A product of 21st century strength and conditioning. Strength and Conditioning Journal 37(4): 2-7, 2015.
40. Smith, DL, Manning, TS, and Petruzzello, SJ. Effect of strenuous live-fire drills on cardiovascular and psychological responses of recruit firefighters. Ergonomics 44(3): 244-254, 2001.
41. Smith, S. The missing link: Mental Toughness. National Strength and Conditioning Association TSAC Annual Training: San Diego, CA; 2015.
42. Spierer, D, Griffiths, E, and Sterland, T. Measuring and understanding human stress response in tactical situations. The Tactical Edge: 30-40, 2009.
43. Thompson, M, and McCreary, D. Enhancing mental readiness in military personnel. In: Britt, TW, Castro, CA, and Adler, AB (Eds.). Military Life: The Psychology of Serving in Peace and Combat. Volume I: Military Performance. New York, NY: Praeger; 54-79, 2006.
44. Throne, LC, Bartholomew, JB, Craig, J, and Farrar, RP. Stress reactivity in fire fighters: An exercise intervention. International Journal of Stress Management 7(4): 235-246, 2000.
45. Tod, D, Thatcher, R, McGuigan, M, and Thatcher, J. Effects of instructional and motivational self-talk on the vertical jump. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23(1): 196-202, 2009.
46. TSAC SIG Meeting: Mental Toughness and Resilience. National Strength and Conditioning Association TSAC Annual Training: San Diego, CA; 2014.
47. Wang, Y, and Morgan, W. The effect of imagery perspectives on the psychophysiological responses to imagined exercise. Behavioural Brain Research 52(2): 167-174, 1992.
48. Whitelock, K, and Asken, M. Code Calm on the Streets: Mental Toughness Skills for Pre-Hospital Emergency Personnel. Mechanicsburg, PA: Sunbury Press; 2012. 
49. Whitmarsh, B. Mind and Muscle: Psych Up Build Up. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 52, 2001.