Training for Upper Body Power in Protective Security Personnel – A Tactical Athlete Approach

References

1. Bompa, T, and Buzzichelli, C. Speed and agility training. Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training (6th ed.) Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 301-321, 2019.
2. Clemons, JM, Campbell, B, and Jeansonne, C. Validity and reliability of a new test of upper body power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 24(6): 1559-1565, 2010.
3. Clemente-Suárez, VJ. New training program for the new requirements of combat of tactical athletes. Sustainability 14(3): 1216, 2022.
4. Clemente-Suarez, VJ, Palomera, PR, and Robles-Pérez JJ. Psychophysiological response to acute-high-stress combat situations in professional soldiers. Stress Health 34(2): 247-252, 2018.
5. Clemente-Suárez, VJ, and Robles-Pérez, JJ. Mechanical, physical, and physiological analysis of symmetrical and asymmetrical combat. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 27(9): 2420-2426, 2013.
6. Cormie, P, McGuigan, M, and Newton, R. Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 1 - Biological basis of maximal power production. Sports Medicine 41(1): 17-38, 2011.
7. Cormie, P, McGuigan, MR, and Newton, RU. Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 2 - Training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Medicine 41(2): 125-146, 2011.
8. Diaz-Manzano, M, Fuentes, JP, Fernandez-Lucas, J, Aznar- Lain, S, and Clemente-Suárez, VJ. Higher use of techniques studied and performance in melee combat produce a higher psychophysiological stress response. Stress Health 34(5): 622-628, 2018.
9. Flanagan, E, and Jovanović, M. Researched applications of velocity based strength training. Journal of Australian Strength Conditioning 22: 58-69, 2014.
10. Fyock-Martin, M, Erickson, E, Hautz, A, Sell, K, Turnbaugh, B, Caswell, S, and Martin, J. What do firefighting ability tests tell us about firefighter physical fitness? A systematic review of the current evidence. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34(7): 2093–2103, 2020.
11. Haff, G, Burgess, S, and Stone, M. Cluster training: Theoretical and practical applications for the strength and conditioning professional. Professional Strength and Conditioning 12: 12-17, 2008.
12. Hauschild, V, DeGroot, D, Hall, S, Grier, T, Deaver, K, Hauret, K, and Jones, B. Fitness tests and occupational tasks of military interest: A systematic review of correlations. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 74(2): 144-153, 2017.
13. Herda, T, and Cramer, J. Bioenergetics of exercise and training. In: Haff, GG, and Triplett, NT, (Eds.), Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (4th ed.) Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 48-60, 2016.
14. Hernández, D, Solana, R, Sarabia, M, Fernández, J, and Moya, R. Rest interval required for power training with power load in the bench press throw exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 30(5): 1265-1274, 2016.
15. Jandačka, D, and Beremlijski, P. Determination of strength exercise intensities based on the load-power-velocity relationship. Journal of Human Kinetics 28: 33-44, 2011.
16. Kontou, EI, Berberidou, FT, Pilianidis, TC, Mantzouranis, NI, and Methenitis, SK. Acute effect of upper and lower body postactivation exercises on shot put performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 32(4): 970-982, 2018.
17. Lloyd, R, Oliver, J, Hughes, M, and Williams, C. The effects of 4-weeks of plyometric training on reactive strength index and leg stiffness in male youths. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 26(10): 2812-2819, 2012.
18. Lockie, R, Dawes, J, Maclean, N, Pope, R, Holmes, R, Kornhauser, C, and Orr, R. The impact of formal strength and conditioning on the fitness of law enforcement recruits: A retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1615-1629, 2020.
19. Markovic, S, Dragan, M, Nedeljkovic, A, and Slobodan, J. Body size and countermovement depth confound relationship between muscle power output and jumping performance. Human Movement Science 33: 203-210, 2013.
20. Marovic, I, Janicijevic, D, Knežević, O, Garcia-Ramos, A, Prebeg, G, and Mirkov D. Potential use of the medicine ball throw test to reveal the upper-body maximal capacities to produce force, velocity, and power. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 1: 2022.
21. Nedeljkovic, A, Mirkov, M, Bozic, P, and Jaric, S. Tests of muscle power output: the role of body size. International Journal of Sports Medicine 30(2): 100-106, 2009.
22. Nevin, J. The tactical athlete: Optimizing physical preparedness for the demands of combat. Professional Strength and Conditioning Journal 44: 25-34, 2017.
23. Off Duty Officers, Inc. The roles of a bodyguard. offdutyofficers.com. 2020. Retrieved August 2022 from https:// www.offdutyofficers.com/the-roles-of-a-bodyguard/.
24. Orange, S, Metcalfe, J, Marshall, P, Vince, R, Madden, L, and Liefeith, A. Test-retest reliability of a commercial linear position transducer (GymAware PowerTool) to measure velocity and power in the back squat and bench press. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34(3): 728-737, 2020.
25. Orr, R, Robinson, J, Hasanki, K, Talaber, K, Schram, B, and Roberts, A. The relationship between strength measures and task performance in specialist tactical police. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 36(3): 757-762, 2022.
26. Orr, R, Sakurai, T, and Scott J. The use of fitness testing to predict occupational performance in tactical personnel: A critical review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(14): 7480, 2021.
27. Salonia, MA, Chu, DA, Cheifetz, PM, and Freidhoff, GC. Upper-body power as measured by medicine-ball throw distance and its relationship to class level among 10- and 11-year-old female participants in club gymnastics. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 18(4): 695-702, 2004.
28. Sánchez-Molina, J, Robles-Pérez, JJ, and Clemente-Suárez, VJ. Psychophysiological and specific fine motor skill modifications in a checkpoint action. Journal of Medical Systems 43(4): 90, 2019.
29. Sánchez-Sixto, A, Harrison, A, and Floría, P. Larger countermovement increases the jump height of countermovement jump. Sports (Basel, Switzerland) 6(4): 131, 2018.
30. Schilling, BK, Falvo, MJ, and Chiu, LZ. Force-velocity, impulsemomentum relationships: Implications for efficacy of purposefully slow resistance training. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 7(2): 299-304, 2008.
31. Scofield, D, and Kardouni, J. The tactical athlete. Strength and Conditioning Journal 37(4): 2-7, 2015.
32. Scofield, DE, Sauers, SE, Spiering, BA, Sharp, MA, and Nindl, BC. Evidence-based approach to strength and power training to improve performance in tactical populations. In: NSCA’s Essentials of Tactical Strength and Conditioning. 1st ed, Alvar, BA, Sell, K, and Deuster, PA (Eds.) Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 417-419, 2017.
33. Shim, AL, Bailey, ML, and Westings, SH. Development of a field test for upper-body power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 15(2): 192-197, 2001.
34. Shim, AL, Harr, B, and Waller, M. Relationship between lower body power and balance scores among older adults. Permanente Journal 22: 17-96, 2018.
35. Shim, A, Shannon, D, Waller, M, Townsend, R, Obembe, A, and Ross, M. Tactical vests worn by law enforcement: Is this improving stability for optimal job performance? International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 10: 1-4, 2022.
36. Soriano, M, Suchomel, T, and Marín, P. The optimal load for maximal power production during upper-body resistance exercises: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 47(4): 757-768, 2017.
37. Stockbrugger, BA, and Haennel, RG. Validity and reliability of a medicine ball explosive power test. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 15(4): 431-438, 2001.
38. Suchomel, T, Nimphius, S, Bellon, C, and Stone, M. The importance of muscular strength: Training considerations. Sports Medicine 48(4): 765-785, 2018.
39. Tangeman, M, Shim, A, and Bonder, I. Upper body power in law enforcement officers. TSAC Report 66: 24-29, 2022.
40. Tornero-Aguilera, JF, Fernandez-Elias, VE, and Clemente- Suárez, VJ. Ready for combat, psychophysiological modifications in a close-quarter combat intervention after an experimental operative high-intensity interval training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 36(3): 732-737, 2022.
41. Tornero-Aguilera, JF, Robles-Pérez, JJ, and Clemente-Suárez, VJ. Effect of combat stress in the psychophysiological response of elite and non-elite soldiers. Journal of Medical Systems 41(6): 100, 2017.
42. Waller, M. Reliability and validity of the Just Jump Mat® countermovement push-up height as a measure of upper-body power Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Utah, 2014.
43. Zalleg, D, Dhahbi, A, Dhahbi, W, Sellami, M, Padulo, J, Souaifi, M, et al. Explosive push-ups: From popular simple exercises to valid tests for upper-body power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34(10): 2877–2885, 2020.
44. Zatsiorsky, V, and Kraemer, W. Science and Practice of Strength Training. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2006