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First Responder Research Column – Understanding the Stress Response Following Occupational Exposures among First Responders
February 17, 2026
This TSAC Report article discusses incorporating stress inoculation to help first responders reduce stress response and expedite recovery. Visit NSCA online to learn more about exercise research.
TSAC Facilitators Exercise Science Exercise Technique Program design Organization and Administration Testing and Evaluation Safety Basic Pathophysiology and Science of Health Status or Condition and Disorder or Disease Professional Development First Responders Physiological Stress Response Exercise Research Live-Fire Drills Occupational Fitness Tactical Performance Fire Fighters Stress Management
Understand the Risks of Overtraining Syndrome
Learn overtraining syndrome (OTS) risks, symptoms, and outcomes for tactical athletes from NSCA’s Essentials of Tactical Strength and Conditioning, 2nd Edition.
TSAC Facilitators Exercise Science Program design Safety Basic Pathophysiology and Science of Health Status or Condition and Disorder or Disease
Physiological Demands
July 22, 2022
This excerpt briefly describes the different energy systems used by structural and wildland firefighters.
TSAC Facilitators Exercise Science Program design Wildland Firefighters Structural Firefighters EPOC Energy Systems
Physical Training Considerations for Police Academy Recruits
June 16, 2023
This article discusses the benefits of utilizing evidence-based training approaches supported by current strength and conditioning research with law enforcement officer recruits.
TSAC Facilitators Program design Law Enforcement Officers Police Academy Recruits Physical Training
Preparing Firefighter Recruits to Successfully Pass and Tolerate the Demands of the CPAT
This article aims to provide information designed to assist firefighter recruits to achieve a successful Candidate Physical Ability Test (CPAT) performance.
TSAC Facilitators Program design Candidate Physical Ability Test Recruits Firefighter Programs
History of Fitness Testing in Tactical Occupations
June 1, 2017
Physical assessments have evolved as a result of developments in scientific research, equipment loads, operational environments, and doctrine.
TSAC Facilitators Testing and Evaluation Fitness testing TSAC tactical strength and conditioning
Recovery Strategies in Air Force Special Warfare Training
July 1, 2022
The goal of this article is to overview the most evidenced-based recovery strategies that are promoted in United States Air Force Special Warfare.
TSAC Facilitators Exercise Science Air Force Special Warfare Recovery Nutrition Sleep Stress Mitigation
First Responder Research Column – State of the Fire Service – Physical Training Interventions
May 15, 2026
This TSAC Report column summarizes physical training outcomes for firefighters and practical guidance on program design and results. Visit NSCA online to read more on firefighter fitness and tactical performance in the fire service.
TSAC Facilitators Exercise Science Program design Organization and Administration Testing and Evaluation Client Consultation|Assessment Safety Emergency Procedures Basic Pathophysiology and Science of Health Status or Condition and Disorder or Disease Professional Development muscular strength aerobic capacity firefighters fitness adaptations tactical circuit programs multimodal high-intensity interval training (HIIT) periodization high-intensity functional training (HIFT)
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